|转至：电力合伙人
谈到三相电零线共线时我们先了解一下低压供电系统的接地形式，我们主要介绍TN-S、TN-C、TN-C-S系统：
N-S、TN-C和TN-C-S是常见的电力系统接地方式，用于确保电气设备和人身安全。它们是根据国际电工委员会（IEC）标准定义的，分别代表了不同的接地配置。
TN系统的型式有以下三种：
1.TN --S系统
TN—S系统配电是指；配电变压器低压侧三相绕组的中性点直接接地并引出一根工作零线、一根保护零线的三相五线配电。
TN—S系统配电一般都是专用配电变压器用户或大负载容量的专线用户（如大负载容量的建筑工地），该系统配电一般都是在供配电始端装设三极四线漏电断路器进行初级线路及用电保护（註；其工作零线不得装设开关及熔断器、工作零线只是从漏电断路器的零序互感器穿过，工作零线穿过漏电断路零序互感器后不得再重复接地。）。其保护零线并要求在供配电线路沿线进行重复可靠接地。
2.TN--C系统
TN—C系统配电一般都是公用配电变压器的小负载容量的用户。为了供配电的可靠性，在配电始端一般都是装设断路器对线路保护而不装设漏电断路器。所以其配电零线在沿供配电线路及其分支的单相220V线路进行密集可靠的重复接地。
3.TN--C--S系统
为了上述TN—C系统配电的各小用户配用电安全；供配方要求各小用户在计量装置前在供配电的零线分接一根合乎用户内负载容量的保护零线进户作为用户内配电的保护零线（用黄绿双色线布设）。还要求用户内装设合适的漏电断路器对导线及用电进行保护。有条件的用户最好是在配电零线分接处进行可靠的重复接地。这样的用户配电方式就是；TN—C—S系统配电。
三相电零线共线时，即将三个相位的零线连接在一起，可能会导致以下后果：
电气设备故障：三相电零线共线可能导致电气设备的故障。由于零线用于提供回路和消除电流不平衡，当三个相位的零线共线时，会造成电流在零线中的积累，增加了电气设备受损或故障的风险。
过载和火灾风险：当三相电零线共线时，电流会在零线中集中流动，导致零线电流过大，可能引发过载情况。过载会导致电线和电气设备过热，增加火灾的风险。
触电风险：三相电零线共线可能导致电气设备的金属外壳带有电流，增加人体触电的风险。当人体接触带有电流的金属外壳时，可能导致电击事故，造成严重的伤害甚至死亡。
电气系统不稳定：三相电零线共线会导致电流不平衡，从而影响电气系统的稳定性。不平衡的电流分布可能导致电压波动、电压降低和电力损耗增加，影响电气设备的正常运行。
为了避免以上后果，应确保三相电零线分别与相应的相位线连接，严禁将零线共线。在安装和维护电气系统时，应严格遵守电气安全规范和标准，确保正确的接线和分线，以保障电气系统的正常运行和人身安全。
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